Profile of A Place of Work or Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Aging Nurse workforce Essay -- Employment, Nursing Worforce, Retiremen

An assortment of reasonable structures were utilized to look into the maturing nursing workforce. The hypothetical model of Organizational and Personal Factors and Outcomes, created by Schaefer and Moos (1991), was one setting utilized during this audit of writing. This structure recommends that the individual framework just as work stressors influence the relationship between the authoritative framework and work assurance and execution (Atencio, Cohen, and Gorenberg, 2003). This model recommends that the individual framework just as work stressors impact the relationship including the authoritative plan and work spirit and execution. Occupation stressors joined with hierarchical and singular framework factors incite adapting reactions and the consequence of holding the more seasoned medical attendant (Schaefer and Moos, 1991). Another hypothetical model utilized was the Conceptual Model of Intent to Stay by Boyle et al. (1999). This model portrays four factors that shape a nurse’s plan to remain in business. These factors comprise of initiative attributes, nurture qualities, framework qualities, and work attributes. The essential focus for this model was to look into the impact that authority uniqueness has on a nurse’s goal to remain utilized as opposed to resigning. The results indicated that command over nursing practice, situational stress, and the administrator qualities effectsly affected more seasoned medical attendant expectation to stay utilized (Cranley and Tourangeau, 2005). Karasek and Theorell’s Demand-Control Model (1990) was an extra applied system noted in the audit of writing on the maturing nursing workforce. This portrayal suggests that serious activity strain and dynamic open door adds to work pressure and lead... ...parture from the nursing calling or retirement from the profession. A few key components have been set up all through the exploration that lead to theories medical caretakers wanting to resign and include: burnout, physical requests, emotional wellness, linkage to the association, hours worked, authoritative culture, work power, and monetary necessities. Associations are starting to set up proof based techniques with an end goal to hold more seasoned enlisted medical caretakers. HR are starting to define strategies and methods to address the issues of these maturing medical caretakers, which center around their security, feelings of anxiety, favored work setting, calendar, and employment fulfillment. The capacity to defer retirement of these medical attendants or making profession ways that help encourage a change to an alternate work setting could help facilitate the lack of attendants in the following decade.

Understanding Punishment and Oppositional Behavior

Understanding Punishment and Oppositional Behavior ADHD Parenting Print Understanding Punishment and Oppositional Behavior Parenting Strategies for Kids with Oppositional/Aggressive Behaviors By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Updated on May 04, 2019 One problem with punishment is that it doesn’t teach a child new skills to replace the inappropriate ones. JGI/Jamie Grill/Getty Images More in ADHD Parenting Diagnosis Treatment Symptoms Adult ADD/ADHD Living With ADD/ADHD School Oppositional behavior from children is frustrating and repeated defiance over an extended time can be infuriating to parents. Most parents will automatically respond to oppositional behavior by using punishment to stop it, but this isn’t always the most effective approachâ€"especially for a child with combined attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositionality. One problem is that punishment alone never teaches a new behavior. It teaches what not to do, but it doesn’t teach your child what to do. Michael Manos, Ph.D.  is head of the Center for Pediatric Behavioral Health at Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital for Rehabilitation and founding clinical and program director of the pediatric and adult ADHD Center for Evaluation and Treatment at the Cleveland Clinic. He has worked for more than 25 years in pediatric psychology, special education, and child and adolescent psychology. Dr. Manos shares his insight about punishment and suggests more effective ways to help your child reduce oppositional behaviors. Techniques Parents Use for Punishment “There are six techniques that parents tend to use as punishment in the household,” says Dr. Manos. “Ask any parent, ‘Tell me how you discipline your child at home,’ and they’ll most likely mention one of the following six strategies,” including: Yell or verbally reprimandLecture or discussUse corporal punishment (spank)Use response cost (take things away)Use time-outOvercorrect (give extra work such as additional chores) Punishment May Lead to Counter-Aggression Unfortunately, defiant behavior tends to attract excessive use of aversive techniques, that is, using punishing consequences too often to stop the behavior. Dr. Manos explains that spanking, yelling, and other aversive methods may seem to work in the short term but they don’t prevent oppositional behavior, in the long run, often resulting in increased problems. This is because one side effect of the continual use of punishment is counter-aggression. “So if you use punishment on a child, guess what the child’s going to do? Counter-aggress. They’ll be oppositional in return,” explains Dr. Manos. “And excessive punishment can actually train oppositional and even aggressive behavior. It teaches a child how to punish back.” Punishment May Lead to Avoidance What can also happen with punishment is your child may begin to engage in escape or avoidance behavior. “Just think of someone you don’t like. When you know they’re going to be at a specific place, you might avoid that place,” says Dr. Manos. “You see them walking down the hall, you turn the other way to escape from confronting them. Or if you are in conversation with them, you attempt to get out of the conversation as soon as you can.” Punishment May Lead to Emotional Dysregulation Punishment has other side effects in addition to avoidance and counter-aggression. One of these is emotional dysregulation. In other words, punishment can result in both parties becoming upset, angry, unhappy, and even emotionally distant or alienated from each other. Punishment May Lead to Self-Doubt An additional negative side effect of continued punishment is that it may actually reduce what you might call self-efficacy. It reduces your childs ability to continue to act effectively. “Some people call that self-esteem,” explains Dr. Manos. “But it is actually far more than self-esteem, as it is not only making a person feel bad about him or herself but essentially what you are really talking about is it makes a person not want to do or engage in other more successful behaviors. Chronic use of punishment makes a person doubt their own ability to make a difference.” Several of the other strategies listed, such as taking things away/loss of privileges, time-out, and extra work, won’t be effective either if theyre used when youre angry. And if theyre used inconsistently, they won’t be effective. Effective Strategies Given that punishment never teaches new behavior and only teaches what not to do, one of the most obvious strategies for parents to use is to teach a child what TO do. When you tell your child to stop doing something, also coach your child on what to do instead, giving an alternative behavior to the punished behaviors. This may be done by using the 4 WHATS  technique, which involves asking your child four questions about his or her behavior, including: What did you do?What happened when you did that?What could you have done instead?What would have happened if youd done that?

Should Abortion Be Illegal - 899 Words

Abortion is a very invasive and tragic medical procedure that is used to terminate a pregnancy and ultimately end an innocent life that is known as the unborn fetus or baby and should be illegal. This medical procedure consists of in most cases regrettable choices and an emotional toile on a person’s life that cannot be undone. Abortion should be illegal because it’s sending a very negative message to the younger generation that being promiscuous and making bad decisions can have almost no responsibility and consequences, another reason it should be illegal is because abortion is murder. Some people might say we have all been young once, and even though it’s not exactly a re-set button, some adolescents do strive in their future from having an unplanned pregnancy and the hard decision to abort the unborn baby. So this is saying in a way, mistakes can make for great triumph. (Dramoswomensclinic768 2013) Some say the younger generations actually having babies do no t have the financial stability or resources to support a child and would lead to an increase in child neglect cases. Making abortion illegal will increase teenage pregnancy (children having children). This usually leads to illegal abortions, which can lead to death or permanent health defects, poverty, joblessness, hopelessness, and dependency issues. The younger generations are becoming increasingly promiscuous and sexually active at such a young and naà ¯ve age and they are hurting their future and promise inShow MoreRelatedShould Abortion Be Illegal?859 Words   |  4 PagesThousands of women decide to have an abortion each year. An abortion is when a mother decides that they do not want to continue their pregnancy so they terminate the baby/fetus. Abortion is just another term for murder. The baby is an innocent human being who does not get a say about whether or not they want to be born. There are usually two ways that an abortion can occur: a pill or surgery. Abortions affect not only the immediate family, but also their relatives. Abortions come with many physical and emotionalRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Illegal Essay1123 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion is widely debated across the world and in 1973 Roe v. Wade would start an issue with ethical and legal issues. There are multiple cases arguing why it should or shouldn ’t be lawful to go through with this procedure. Women should have the right to get an abortion as It is her rights to decide if they aren’t able to be able have a child, the woman shouldn’t have to rely on anyone else, she should be able to make this decision as they have to carry it for 9 months and endure the physical painRead MoreShould Abortion Be Illegal?1142 Words   |  5 PagesMadison Bobe Mrs. Monts Enriched English II 25 April 2015 Should Abortion Be Illegal? Thousands of women in the world have abortions. â€Å" Since the 1970’s, abortion has been a very controversial issue throughout the United States. Anti-Abortion and pro choice organizations often express their differences of opinion in lawful demonstrations† (Andryszewski 10).Think of it this way, all of the fetuses are in life or death situations. Their mother is choosing whether or not she wants to keep them orRead MoreShould Abortion Be Illegal?1930 Words   |  8 PagesJacqueline Naour 9th Hour â€Å"Abortion does not make you un-pregnant, it makes you the mother of a dead baby†-Jacqueline Naour. Before researching this report I did not really think about how they kill the child or how the abortion actually occurs, so I did not really think much of it or know it was such a bad thing. As I have written this report I realized that it is honestly one of the worst things I’ve ever read about and should be illegal without question. Abortion should be illegal because it makes humanRead MoreAbortion Propaganda: Abortion Should Be Illegal593 Words   |  2 PagesAbortion is murder no matter what a person believes ! There are many reasons abortion should be illegal . Think about The health threat to the mother after going through with the procedure as well as the lifelong health risks that remain , also the emotional damage that occurs . Personally I’m against abortion and you should be as well . Many may not know that abortion can be a threat to a women’s health because all they see or choose to see is the reason why she is going through with the procedureRead MoreEssay Abortions Should Be Illegal1264 Words   |  6 PagesWhy are abortions legal? Do the doctors enjoy killing the babies since they can’t fight back or protect themselves? Do you know what the doctors do to the child when they are giving an abortion? Abortions are wrong and should be illegal around the world or at least in the United States. Abortions should be illegal; an abortion kills a human being that cannot fight back. How would you like if someone pulled you out of bed and duct taped your mouth shut, then just cut off your head? I don’t thinkRead MoreAbortion Should Be Illegal 3768 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION SHOULD BE ILLEGAL Jenny Martinez Mrs.Cholish American History I 12/16/10 Jenny Martinez Mrs. Cholish American History I 12/16/10 Abortion Should be Illegal Abortion is no different than murder no matter when a person believes a human life becomes official. This controversy will remain for centuries, but in no country should it be legal. The fact that a potential life has ended before given a chance is murder. Most people agree thatRead MoreShould Abortion Be Illegal? Essay845 Words   |  4 Pagesthink abortion should be illegal and the choice of women to choose what to do about their own bodies and pregnancies is being considered getting taken away from them? Abortion is a medical procedure that terminates pregnancy. It is usually done during the first twelve months of pregnancy, called the first trimester. Abortion has been legal ever since 1973 after the Roe v. Wade court case. This court case overturned all state laws in the United States restricting a woman’s access to abortion proceduresRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal Or Illegal?939 Words   |  4 Pagesissues is abortion. Abortion has been around at almost every poin t in American history. Consequently, since the Supreme Court decision of Roe v. Wade there have been approximately 57,762,169 abortions in America (â€Å"Are You†). This raises the question of should abortion be legal or illegal, and is this immoral or moral to do? The decision to have an abortion can be a difficult time in a woman’s life, but is not a moral way to end a pregnancy. Abortion in the United States should be illegal because ofRead MoreAbortion Is Unsafe And Should Be Illegal1487 Words   |  6 Pagescould you do this to me ¨. Abortion is a horrific experience, that no one should ever endure. I am Pro-Life because of the consequences for mothers, the availability of adoption instead of abortion, and finally the Pro-Life movements in America. First I d like to talk about the consequences for mothers. This is a big reason why I think abortion is unsafe and should be illegal. The first thing I want to address is the mental state of the mothers who have had an abortion. Most times the mental state

Stop Online Piracy Act Free Essays

ORAL PRESENTATION ASSESSMENT July 2012 Name: Baiza Class: English 1-2 General Topic: Piracy (Intellectual Property Rights) Specific Research Area: â€Å"Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)† ————————————————- ————————————————- Information Report Proposal Analytical Research Question: This report aims to discover the different views on the benefit and harm of Legalizing Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) on the United States Government, Entertainment Industries, High Tech Companies and Internets users. Thesis: To discover how â€Å"Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)† brings benefit and harm to both High Tech Companies and Internet Users. OUTLINE OF REPORT [Note form] 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Stop Online Piracy Act or any similar topic only for you Order Now WHAT is the issue? Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) * A bill that will allow the United States authority to block webpage that distributes on stolen materials * Combat online piracy * Protect the copyrighted material and censorship of the Internet * Prevent sharing or purchasing of copyright products online without authorizes permission from the produces 2. WHY is it of significance? * Protect intellectual property online Stop foreign webpage that sell counterfeit goods and let people stream and download the goods at no charge 3. WHO is involved in the issue? * United States Government * Blocking of webpages that provides link to private sites * Fines users that post copyright materials * Entertainment Business Industries * Losing profit of selling own products * Foreign thieves/Owner of the pirated sites * Stealing copyright materials * Earning revenue by selling copyrighted materials * Internet users * Wont be able to download music, video and etc. without charge * Online Search Engi ne/ High Tech Companies Will be blocked when other users post a link to pirated site * Generate loss in advertisement profits 4. WHAT started the debate? The debate started when: * Foreign thieves steal and sell American inventions and products and keep the profit to themselves. * The foreign thieves costs the US economy more than $100 billion annually * Result in loss of thousands of jobs. 5. WHAT are the differing opinions on the topic? 5. 1 Enforcing Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) brings benefit to Entertainment Industries. 5. 1. 1 – Increase in economy * American intellectual property industries provide million high-paying jobs . 1. 2 – Protection of intellectual property * Increase in revenue * Reduce/Discourage American cities to purchase from foreign thieves 5. 2 Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) brings harm to High Tech Companies and Internet User. 5. 2. 1 – Shut down of Major Internet Companies * American search engine provides links to pirated sites, which will cost the Internet Service Provided to be shut down. * Freedom of speech is affected 5. 2. 2 – Censorship and Blocked of Webpage * Limited webpage to gather or find information * Difficulty to communicate with other countries Working bibliography Bennett, R. (2011, December 2011). Protecting Americans from Web scams. New York Post. Retrieved from http://www. nypost. com/p/news/opinion/opedcolumnists/protecting_americans_from_web_scams_lvOOEKJEqzpjGIAW43mIXP Carr, D. (2012, January 1). The Danger of an Attack on Piracy Online. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2012/01/02/business/media/the-danger-of-an-attack-on-piracy-online. html? pagewanted=1 Sigal, I MacKinnon, R (2011, December 14). Online Piracy Laws must preserve Web Freedom. CNN. Retrieved from http://edition. cnn. om/2011/12/14/opinion/sigal-mackinnon-copyright-internet/index. html Smith, L. (2011, December 14). Setting the Record Straight on SOPA. The Hill. Retrieved from http://thehill. com/blogs/congress-blog/technology/199385-setting-the-record-straight-on-sopa The New York Times. Copyrights and Internet Piracy (SOPA and PIPA Legislation. (2012, February 8). Retrieved from http://topics. nytimes. com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/c/ copyrights/index. html? 8qa US House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary. (2012, January 20). Statement from Chairman Smith on Senate Delay of Vote on PROTECT IP Act. Retrieved from http://judiciary. house. gov/news/01202012. html? scp=2sq=lamar%20smithst=cse ————————————————- Student’s Signature: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Date: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Lecturer’s Signature: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Date: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Hj/Was/mufy/2012 ————————————————- Oral Presentation Proposal Argumentative Research Question: Should â€Å"Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)† be enforced? Thesis: YES, Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) should be enforced. ————————————————- Argument 1: Increase in United States Economy Foreign thieves cost the United States’ economy more than $100 billion annually and result in loss of thousands of jobs * Entertainment industries are not able to sell their own products due to these foreign thieves Argument 2: Protection of Intellectual Property * Hard work is wasted because users can easily download the goods of the entertainment industries online through pirated sites * Blocks and censors’ webpages that provides these pirated sites links and the authorities can take immediate action on theses thieves. Refutation: 5. 1. 1 – Censorship and Blocked of Webpage How to cite Stop Online Piracy Act, Essay examples

Stop Online Piracy Act Free Essays

ORAL PRESENTATION ASSESSMENT July 2012 Name: Baiza Class: English 1-2 General Topic: Piracy (Intellectual Property Rights) Specific Research Area: â€Å"Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)† ————————————————- ————————————————- Information Report Proposal Analytical Research Question: This report aims to discover the different views on the benefit and harm of Legalizing Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) on the United States Government, Entertainment Industries, High Tech Companies and Internets users. Thesis: To discover how â€Å"Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)† brings benefit and harm to both High Tech Companies and Internet Users. OUTLINE OF REPORT [Note form] 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Stop Online Piracy Act or any similar topic only for you Order Now WHAT is the issue? Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) * A bill that will allow the United States authority to block webpage that distributes on stolen materials * Combat online piracy * Protect the copyrighted material and censorship of the Internet * Prevent sharing or purchasing of copyright products online without authorizes permission from the produces 2. WHY is it of significance? * Protect intellectual property online Stop foreign webpage that sell counterfeit goods and let people stream and download the goods at no charge 3. WHO is involved in the issue? * United States Government * Blocking of webpages that provides link to private sites * Fines users that post copyright materials * Entertainment Business Industries * Losing profit of selling own products * Foreign thieves/Owner of the pirated sites * Stealing copyright materials * Earning revenue by selling copyrighted materials * Internet users * Wont be able to download music, video and etc. without charge * Online Search Engi ne/ High Tech Companies Will be blocked when other users post a link to pirated site * Generate loss in advertisement profits 4. WHAT started the debate? The debate started when: * Foreign thieves steal and sell American inventions and products and keep the profit to themselves. * The foreign thieves costs the US economy more than $100 billion annually * Result in loss of thousands of jobs. 5. WHAT are the differing opinions on the topic? 5. 1 Enforcing Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) brings benefit to Entertainment Industries. 5. 1. 1 – Increase in economy * American intellectual property industries provide million high-paying jobs . 1. 2 – Protection of intellectual property * Increase in revenue * Reduce/Discourage American cities to purchase from foreign thieves 5. 2 Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) brings harm to High Tech Companies and Internet User. 5. 2. 1 – Shut down of Major Internet Companies * American search engine provides links to pirated sites, which will cost the Internet Service Provided to be shut down. * Freedom of speech is affected 5. 2. 2 – Censorship and Blocked of Webpage * Limited webpage to gather or find information * Difficulty to communicate with other countries Working bibliography Bennett, R. (2011, December 2011). Protecting Americans from Web scams. New York Post. Retrieved from http://www. nypost. com/p/news/opinion/opedcolumnists/protecting_americans_from_web_scams_lvOOEKJEqzpjGIAW43mIXP Carr, D. (2012, January 1). The Danger of an Attack on Piracy Online. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2012/01/02/business/media/the-danger-of-an-attack-on-piracy-online. html? pagewanted=1 Sigal, I MacKinnon, R (2011, December 14). Online Piracy Laws must preserve Web Freedom. CNN. Retrieved from http://edition. cnn. om/2011/12/14/opinion/sigal-mackinnon-copyright-internet/index. html Smith, L. (2011, December 14). Setting the Record Straight on SOPA. The Hill. Retrieved from http://thehill. com/blogs/congress-blog/technology/199385-setting-the-record-straight-on-sopa The New York Times. Copyrights and Internet Piracy (SOPA and PIPA Legislation. (2012, February 8). Retrieved from http://topics. nytimes. com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/c/ copyrights/index. html? 8qa US House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary. (2012, January 20). Statement from Chairman Smith on Senate Delay of Vote on PROTECT IP Act. Retrieved from http://judiciary. house. gov/news/01202012. html? scp=2sq=lamar%20smithst=cse ————————————————- Student’s Signature: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Date: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Lecturer’s Signature: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Date: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Hj/Was/mufy/2012 ————————————————- Oral Presentation Proposal Argumentative Research Question: Should â€Å"Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)† be enforced? Thesis: YES, Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) should be enforced. ————————————————- Argument 1: Increase in United States Economy Foreign thieves cost the United States’ economy more than $100 billion annually and result in loss of thousands of jobs * Entertainment industries are not able to sell their own products due to these foreign thieves Argument 2: Protection of Intellectual Property * Hard work is wasted because users can easily download the goods of the entertainment industries online through pirated sites * Blocks and censors’ webpages that provides these pirated sites links and the authorities can take immediate action on theses thieves. Refutation: 5. 1. 1 – Censorship and Blocked of Webpage How to cite Stop Online Piracy Act, Essay examples

Thermal Equilibrium Experiment free essay sample

This laboratory focused on the thermodynamic processes involved when two incompressible substances are mixed together. 12 experiments were performed, 10 involving the combination of a measured amount of hot and cold water and 2 involving the combination of ice and liquid water, the majority of these experiments were performed three times. The average variance in final temperature for each experiment was less than 10 percent providing proof of repeatability. Equipment used during the experiment included a gram scale, thermocouple, Styrofoam cup, glass beakers, microwave, an ice bath and ice. The first half of the experiment was dedicated to the mixing of two containers of water at different temperatures. The mass of the water in each container was measured and the containers were then heated or cooled to achieve the temperature desired for the experiment. The temperature was measured with a thermocouple before and after mixing. The data was recorded and is included in tables. The second half of the experiment involves the mixing of ice and liquid water. We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Equilibrium Experiment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Water was weighed and cooled then mixed with an amount of ice that was also weighed. The temperature before and after mixing was recorded and included in tables. When the experiments were completed analysis was performed using the laws of thermodynamics. The data collected was used in equations to find theoretical values for final equilibrium temperature. The theoretical values were compared with those measured during the experiment. The total average percent difference between the measured final temperature and the theoretical final temperature is less than 5. 0%. This low deflection between measurement and theory lends credibility to the experiment and proof of the concepts provided within the experiment. When two incompressible substances of different temperatures are combined, there will be a resultant equilibrium temperature that lies between the temperatures of the substances that were combined. The mass of the substances greatly affects the resulting final temperature. An incompressible substance is one whose volume can be considered constant no matter the change in pressure. In this laboratory, the incompressible substance water was used in its liquid and solid states. The First Law of Thermodynamics is essentially an energy balance equation and is state below. Q – W = ? U (Eq. 1) Q represents the amount of heat transferred into or out of the system. W represents the amount of work done by or on a system. ?U represents the change in the internal energy of the system. The units for Q, W and U are kilojoules. When analyzing a thermodynamic process, a system boundary must be established. Establishing the boundary will determine how complicated or simple the first law analysis is. The boundary for this experiment was established in such a way that there was no heat transferred into or out of the system. There was also no work being done on or by the system. A value for work would be required if a device such as a compressor or turbine was included in the system. Since there is no heat transfer across the boundary or work done, the Q and W values are considered to be zero. The equation now becomes. 0 = ? U = Ut2 – Ut1(Eq. 2) In order to use equation 2, the mass and specific heat of the incompressible material was determined. Specific heat refers to the amount of energy, measured in kilojoules, required to raise one kilogram of the incompressible substance by one degree Kelvin or Celsius.